Gender in Literature Essay - 2083 Words

People who are different, who go against the status quo, are those that receive labels like outcasts, weird, or freaks. Characters that are different however, are attractive to audiences. It is their defiance and ability to see through the cracks of stereotypical society and rebel against them that can peak curiosity within a reader. There are people in the world who believe that they alone in their thoughts or actions; they can find common ground- or inspiration through a character. These outcasts are the ones that trigger emotions within the audience, ranging all over the emotional spectrum: from anger to shock to envy. Many authors, especially those who lived and wrote during times of repression of groups and urges for social change,†¦show more content†¦However, it is not always necessary that a third party place the label of â€Å"outsider† on an individual. The feeling of being outsider can be internalized first, before the outside community is even aware of any deviations from common society. This internalization is found in both Kate Chopin’s character Edna Pontellier and Sandra Cisneros’s protagonist Cleà ³filas; where both authors play on the gender discrimination, as well as social standing. In literature women are often portrayed as outcasts, especially in times where new movements or progressive thinking were taking on rights issues. Chopin and Cisneros come from different eras, and their characters experience different discriminations; Edna is mostly ostracized for going against her gender norm, while Cleà ³filas is discriminated due to race and gender. In stories such as these, is important to understand the time period in which Edna and Cleà ³filas were created in order to fully grasp the concept of them as outsiders to their societies and why they were outsiders. While Edna is not specifically quarreling over woman’s rights, Chopin’s writing was such a progressive piece that it sparked controversy. During the late 1800s, women were still limited as to what they were allowed to pursue or own. According to Paul S. Boyer, author of American History: A Very Short Introduction ¸ writes that â€Å"Women’s situation varied widely, depending on geography, race, ethnicity, and class†Show MoreRelatedGender Inequality in Literature1223 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in Literature Gender equality, men and women having the same rights and obligations, and everyone having the same opportunities in society, has been a topic of discussion for many centuries (Dorious and Firebaugh). Women have used literature as a voice to defend their gender equality rights. Female authors have tried to achieve extraordinary success in literature while functioning in a culture that frowned upon female literary desire. Men greatly dominate the profession (DoriousRead MoreGender Stereotypes Throughout Literature And Literature968 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotypes exist in modern civilization and are heavily influenced in film and literature as well. The deeply ingrained values in our culture of standardized gender roles in terms of women are seen heavily in both Tarzan of the Apes and in Knocked Up. Alternatively, these stories released almost a hundred years apart portray masculinity very differently. To understand what constitutes an ideal male, both genders need to be con sidered and their differences exemplified. Tarzan is a stereotypicalRead MoreGender Roles in Literature1573 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles play a significant part in all literature. Throughout history men and women have been represented in a variety of different ways. In some tales men and women are equals, while in others men are seen as superior to females. Their roles in the stories have to do with the cultural aspect of the society the story was written during, and when the story is supposed to take place. Examples of the importance of gender roles can be seen in Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Jeremias Gotthelf’s The BlackRead MoreGender Stereotypes in Literature1570 Words   |  7 Pagesit is not her status which gives her strength but her power and intelligence. In her revenge, Medea proves to be not just a harmless and stereotypical woman, but someone who is aware of other’s perception of her and who is willing to use her gender to manipulate people. She manages to persuade Creon to go against his better judgment to let her stay another day, allowing her to formulate a plan that ends in the death of Creon, his daughter and Medea’s own children. It is in this scene whereRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Expectations In Literature1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough such means as literature, popular culture, and tradition, has perpetuated these gender stereotypes and expectations for much of history. Unconscious and conscious assumptions about gender shape how readers perceive sex in literature; men are typically considered lustful, whereas women are considered loving. However, the subjects of sex, love, and lust in literature, as demonstrated in poems written by Robert Burns and Andrew Marvell, become increasingly nuanced when gender stereotypes and expectationsRead MoreGender Inequality in Literature Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesGender equality, men and women having the same rights and obligations, and everyone having the same opportunities in society, has been a topic of discussion for man and women for centuries (Dorious and Firebaugh). For many centuries, women have used literature as a voice used to defend their rights as women. Female authors achieved extraordinary success in literature functioning in a culture that frowned upon female literary desire but men still dominated the profession (Dorious and Firebaugh). UntilRead MoreGender and Leadership: Literature Review5185 Words   |  21 PagesGender and Leadership Literature Review 1. Introduction Leadership theories and literature describe what leaders should do and on the other hand literature also exists on what leaders actually do, the former are prescriptive and the latter are descriptive (Bratton et al; 2005). Leadership style is a relatively consistent set of behaviours that characterise a leader (DuBrin; 1995). The main leadership theories encompass the trait, behaviour, contingency, powerRead MoreGender and Leadership: Literature Review5170 Words   |  21 PagesGender and Leadership Literature Review 1. Introduction Leadership theories and literature describe what leaders should do and on the other hand literature also exists on what leaders actually do, the former are prescriptive and the latter are descriptive (Bratton et al; 2005). Leadership style is a relatively consistent set of behaviours that characterise a leader (DuBrin; 1995). The main leadership theories encompass the trait, behaviour, contingency, power influenceRead MoreGender Approaches to Analyzing Literature562 Words   |  2 Pages Recently, gender studies have become the main sources of information for understanding gender issues in the society. The masculine and feminine divide used to represent the socially constructed sexual traits which men and women are expected to portray in their relationships and interactions. In The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett, the characters strongly conform to socially constructed gender roles in the way they dress, talk and act. This paper explores how the main characters in the novelRead MoreGender Roles in Childrens Literature2226 Words   |  9 PagesGender Bias in Literature Men Fix ThingsÂ…Girls Have Dolls -Shirley B. Ernst I have thought about many different ways to organize this paper and have come to the conclusion that the best way to approach the topic is on a book-by-book basis. My perceptions of the gender biases in these books vary greatly and I did not want to begin altering my views on each so that they would fit into certain contrived connections. What interests me most in these stories is how the authors utilize certain characters

Professional Ambition And Masculinity Professional...

Professional Ambition and Masculinity Professional ambition and responsibilities are usually time consuming, which leads to less family time. With professional careers, one has to prioritize their life and the needs of their family, by creating a balance between work and family concerns. Providing that the stigma associated with male says that they are bread winners and should be able to provide for the family s financial needs. Men are expected to be hardworking and demanding. While the females are responsible for the nurturing of the child, men often feel emasculated when the tables turn. Even though there s a change in the cycle and responsibilities of parents, they should be available to child in their times of need. White collared individuals should not impede family time; instead they should have a sense of evenhandedness. Therefore, professional ambition should be subordinated to family concerns, a parent should stabilize the period available by setting boundaries and creating schedules which they abide by. To demonstrate the importance of a balance of career and family is supported in A choice of Accommodations by Jhumpa Lahiri, and â€Å"Men at work and Balancing career and family an article by Elisabeth Pain. A choice of accommodation â€Å"and Balancing career and family speaks about the significance of family needs. Basically going against the tradition of the male being the dominant individual in the relationship who has all control, instead femalesShow MoreRelatedUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess the Claim That Gender Differences in Educational Achievement Are Primarily the Result of Changes in Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesnature of any problem. External factors such as the impact of feminism and girls changing ambitions could have a large influence on gender differences in educational achievement. Since the 1960s, feminism has challenged the traditional stereotypes of a womans role as mother and housewife within a patriarchal family. Feminism has also raises girls expectations and ambitions with regard to careers and family. These changes are partly reflected in media images and messages. A good illustrationRead MoreThe Women s Movement Our History Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagestheir work in factories and shipyards challenged the gender norms of that time period, and thus paved the way for future generations to come (â€Å"The Women’s Movement—Our History,† 2005). Today, in lieu of Rosie the Riveter, women and girls have many professional role models to look up to. Nonetheless, it remains imperative that the structure of the workplace changes to accommodate a more balanced gender ratio, but this is no t always possible within the current patriarchal framework. Gender equality inRead MoreAnalizing Gender Roles Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesindividually and compare the similarities and contrast the differences between them. Veronica Coringstone (Christina Applegate) is a charming blonde female who plays the main role in , â€Å"Anchorman†. She is an intellectual and professional woman with many ambitions. It’s the 70’s, and it’s a time, when men, â€Å"ruled the world†. In spite of this, she has a goal to be the first female anchor on network television. In this film, she fights for equality of the genders and breaks the stereotype of theRead MoreEssay On Female Leadership874 Words   |  4 Pagesworkplace—barriers which have always existed in America--a Pew research study shows that for the first-time young women are surpassing young men in career ambition. According to Drexler, the study shows that 67 % of women put career success high on their list of life goals versus 60% of males; citing The Bureau of Labor Statistics which says just over half of â€Å"management, professional, and related occupation† positions are now held by women. The status of women in the workplace is seeing a significant change andRead MoreIs The Discrimination Against Women? Politics A Myth Or Is It Reality?1608 Words   |  7 Pagesor similar positions. These are described as â€Å"soft industries† and include health, education, and welfare. Rarely do women hold executive decision-making authority in more powerful domains or those that are associated with traditional notions of masculinity (such as finance and the military). Typically, the more powerful the institution, the less likely it is that women’s interests will be represented. Additionally, in more autocratic nations, women are less likely to have their interests representedRead MoreThe Feminine Mystique Theme Analysis2062 Words   |  9 PagesEssentializing can have these substantial effects by causing stereotype threats for people belonging to groups that are rigidly generalized. Since women were often seen as incapable of complex matters outside of the home such as education, politics, and careers, they conformed to society’s expectations of them by fulfilling their designated roles as housekeepers, wives, and mothers. As discussed in class lecture, people are expected to internalize and conform to their socially assigned roles even if theyRead MoreQuestioning Male s And Female s Reasoning Towards Their Particular Career Choice3153 Words   |  13 PagesChichi Emenike LBST4800 4.23.2015 After analyzing and questioning male s and female s reasoning towards their particular career choice, I realize that there was a certain pattern towards gender and career. Most male pursued what society depict as a masculine occupation such as doctors, architects, or technology based jobs. Meanwhile, most women pursed what society depict as a feminine occupations such as teachers, secretaries, assistance or nursing. The most shocking discovery is when men pursuedRead MoreCorporate Culture1466 Words   |  6 Pageswhere all individuals believe themselves superior to the organization. Survival can become difficult for such organizations, since the concept of an organization suggests that a group of like-minded individuals pursue the organizational goals. Some professional partnerships can operate as person cultures, because each partner brings a peculiar expertise and clientele to the firm. Hofstede showed that there are national and regional cultural groupings affecting the behavior of organizations. HofstedeRead MoreThe Second Shift By Arlie Russell Hochschild1881 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"second shift† refers to the tasks done around the house after the initial work hours are through. Hochschild critiques how the American career system treats the â€Å"second shift†; she makes it clear that the working American society has yet to take the additional shift into consideration due to the already implemented structure it follows by. As Hochschild puts it, â€Å"the career system inhibits women, not so much by malevolent disobedience to good rules as by making up rules to suit the male half of the populationRead MoreFeminism in Mrs. Dalloway1341 Words   |  6 PagesApart from these frustrated, lonely women characters, Woolf portrayed the character of Elizabeth Dalloway as an example of the unconventional woman. She lacked the enthusiasm in the trivial feminine society of her mother. She had ambitions to have a career and a professional life. She has planned to be doctor, farmer, or to go into parliament. Lady Bruton is another character whose strong independence as a leader shows the movement towards tolerance of women being in power. Her taking part in politics

Notes on contracts in law Free Essays

Notes on contracts in law BY Diffract In this case, a lawfully tying contract does not remain with Nathan and Dubious Connections Pity Ltd. Without any learning of the terms and conditions, Nathan, unconscious of the three-year term contract he wishes to return the product and withdraw the contract. The issue intended for this situation be if the agreement is still legitimate. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes on contracts in law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the substance of the agreement, the legitimate rights accessible to Nathan are; the attempt to sue for 1 misrepresentation, unfair contract terms or unconscionable conduct. As indicated by Flake’s Bulletin to enter the level of heir cases, obligation will Just draw in adulterations, in the event that they are (1) material, and (2) impelled the other sided. (Tipper Wagner, 2014) However the four steps which need to be recognized in choosing whether an actionable misrepresentation exists are as emulated; Step one is that a false proclamation made. The situation being what it is in this event a false proclamation was proclaimed as John pushed a free Isis. Phone if an agreement altered. Of course, Nathan certified in the case that he will get a phone in the event that he had signed the contract. Antennas interpretation is the Isis. Phone is a complimentary gift to the contract. At this point, it is a false proclamation. ( ALIT v. KRUGER [1955] HOC 64; (1955) 94 CLC 216)5 Step two; material fact. Step two is whether the deception was proposed to and did actuate the other party to perform 6(With v Flanagan [1936] Chi 575). It is a difficult step to demonstrate as it is hard to tell whether John utilized false data about the uncommon advancement to affect Nathan into marking an agreement. However seeing that John is a sales representative, and he was well aware of Antennas exceptional hindrance, he fizzled the gained important. Agree to the vitality of a contract, realizing that the criticalness of a mediator might have had any effect, in closing Antennas definite choice. Easy to say this makes it simple to foresee that John exploited this circumstance. Step three; requires the false proclamation be straightforward to the opposite party. Dubious associations are required to equip all staff members with full training which includes a great deals pitch, great information about the item, the right hopefuls who qualify. The terms in agreement that additionally alludes to end of the contract and the creation of lawfulness. The administration Dubious associations offers might be to any persons over 18 years of age, individuals, business and organizations. The key characteristic of a sales representative is its â€Å"pitch† directly to the intended party. The last step is Inducement – to see whether the represented party made the false misrepresentation eloquent it to be untrue, whether it was real or not 7(Deere v Peek [1889]). John might not have known whether Nathan could completely understand the English dialect, and if the advancement was real, yet he carelessly did not know, and he ought to have known. SIS CAL) John and Dubious associations Pity Ltd offer of the phone contract were significant distortion, John’s act of silence is an evident factor to the inducement of this case. However because of the trouble in demonstrating deformation John may contend Antennas lapse of actuality. One of the torts is deceit, depicting impossibilities to reject hazard as a distinct has not met all requirements for endeavourer his own mindset, Nathan will need to pay the full contract cost of $3120 in addition, $800 the cost of the Isis. 1 phone. The three-year term contract misunderstood outlines the infusion, where Nathan believed if the contracted ended whenever throughout this period it would be at no cost. Antennas best strategy might be an attempt to sue for actionable misrepresentation as the rejection provision will not incorporate. Likewise if the realities of the case show deceit there is a much higher possibility of winning the case and accepting harms. The actualities of the case indicate a significant deception because of the inducement of silence, this incited Nathan into the agreement, involved deceit. In this event, utilizing the advice for Nathan on the legitimate rights that he had and what ours of action to take, actionable misrepresentation will be highly recommended. The remedy for actionable misrepresentation is rescission – the perception may set aside, and the social occasions restored to their positions before the ascension – by the innocent party. UNFAIR CONTRACT TEEMS Another alternative that Nathan may come across to sue for is contractual terms which have the potential to be unfair. In choosing whether a term in a standard structure buyer contract is unjustifiable, the court will apply the three components which test for unfairness. The analysis intended for injustice, under s. Big of the ASIA ACTA, states that a term of a consumer contract is out of line in the event that: Overlooks a critical lopsidedness reason through the parties civil privileges as well as commitments emerging under the agreement and; Is not sensibly imperative to guarantee the genuine redirections of the gathering who would subsist benefit by means of the term and; Who of which is determined to create impediment (either budgetary or overall) to a party in the event it was too depended on or connected. These three factors of the unfairness test must be demonstrated, on the offset of rehabilitates, to exist for the court to choose that a term is unfair 10. Antennas first claim in an try to sue for unfairness through the ‘balance of probabilities’ is whether he comprehended the agreement he would have the capacity to predict the additional cost involved. As opposed to John, if he did the math, he would acknowledge Nathan ‘meager allowance’ can barely take care of the expense of the three-year term contract yet alone surcharges upon this contract. Surely, to be qualified for a phone plan a need to have a stable salary is vital for any human being. A wise sales representative will be prudent enough to realize that Nathan was not a suitable customer for his product. The significant imbalance is plainly highlighted constraining Antennas authorization. Despite the fact that the terms may have unveiled in the record, Nathan was not given any genuine opportunity to arrange the terms of the agreement. Nathan may try to prove that he was extremely distressed when he received the monthly phone bill from Dubious Connections Pity Ltd and had to find other means to be able to honor that contract. Also, he may have been distressed when he found out he had o pay $3120 to terminate the contract with an additional cost $800 for the Isis. 1 phone. The most difficult thing in claiming unfairness for consumer contract term is whether a particular term is unfair with regards to all relevant circumstances. The best venture for Nathan would be to rescind the contract; It is, however, not sufficient it may be grant. UNCONSCIONABLE CONDUCT On the other hand under the Australian Consumer Law states; when managing different organizations or clients, organizations should not participate in unconscionable behavior. Unconscionable managing over see’s the behavior of the arty that is stronger in endeavoring in the direction of achievement or hold the individuals profit under a ‘special disadvantage’ in the circumstances where it is not reliable with great value that he does so. 1 (Lexis’s, 2014) The court typically accepts that the gatherings to an agreement are comparable, containing equivalent bartering force. However an agreement is unconscionable (Commercial bank of Australia v Maida) if: 1) One party has super bartering force 2) The other party has the outstanding potential/ unique detriments, such as education issue or the absence of the ability to speak English . ) The parties enter to take it or leave it contract. Nathan must demonstrate that the agreement has breached. The principal approach to check whether it has; is by checking whether any of the express terms have ruptured, as the agreement was a contract of purchase it would Just hold terms identifying with buy, deal, guarantees and the rejection condition. Where no express terms have ruptured the next step might be to check whether any of the intimate terms has breached. Initially, the implied term that has breached is the term of the ability to speak English. An individual required to have a 12†³special disadvantage† remembering the final objective to be weak to unconscionable behavior. This visualized conditions which genuinely influenced the experience of the person to make a Judgment as to his best interest. However, for this situation, the deals illustrative of Dubious associations did not try to recognize whether his client experienced any extraordinary impediment. 13 (AC v Lug Distributors Pity Ltd, deckhand and Eng, 2013) Nathan was not mindful of the distortion before the agreement and any investigation made by Nathan might not eave uncovered the imperfection. The term of ‘special disadvantage’ has plainly breached. The following implied term that has breached is: Unconscionable conduct under section 21 of the Commonwealth Consolidated Acts. In the event that John is having knowledge that Nathan possesses an event of exceptional impediment in connection to the planned deal, so that Nathan cannot make a Judgment in respect to what is in his premiums, exploits his predominant dealing authority as a result of going into the agreement, Antennas behavior by this manner is unconscionable. Furthermore if, as opposed to containing real information of that event, John is mindful of the probability that the event may possibly subsist otherwise is mindful of actualities which might cause plausibility with the intelligence of any sensible human being, the outcome will be the alike. 14(Business bank of Australia v Maida) Antennas experience as to the contract was a free telephone which he can return at whichever point. Whether Nathan is treat with the knowledge of the probability viable discussed or as have taken in of substances that may accumulate that conceivability up the intelligence of any sensible individual. The relentless conclusion subsist to facilitate John was at risk of unconscionable lead, by entering into the understanding exclusive of uncovering essential information that may have enabled the respondents to structure a ruling designed for there selves, also with no guaranteeing with the aim of receiving free exhortation. (Business bank of Australia v Maida) As expected that Nathan explained to the sales representative, he needed a mobile phone and queried as to whether it would accommodate to make phone calls abroad. Anticipating John answered with a positive manner; Nathan depended on the sales preventative information and along these lines marked the agreement 1 5(David Jones Ltd v Wills [1934] 52 CLC 110). However John was mindful he knew nothing about the agreement, where he did not try to clarify the abundance cost in preceding this agreement. The Trade Practices Catch does not permit prohibited terms under section 68. On the off chance that any term of the agreement that indicates to prohibit, confine or alter or has the impact of barring limiting or changing areas of the Trade Practices Act is void. How to cite Notes on contracts in law, Papers

Charlie Bird free essay sample

Did the drugs sake Charles Jazz what it was or did the man have the built in ability to squeeze the perfect notes out of a saxophone making it do his will without hardly having to give it a thought. On August the 29th In the year of 1920 a baby was born to a family In Kansas City. Kansas. The childs name was Charles Parker Jar. He was the newborn son of Adelaide (Eddie) Bailey Parker, who was African-American-Choctaw, and Charles Parker, Sir. , an African-American. His mother migrated to Kansas City from Oklahoma where she met Charles Parker Sir. Charles Sir. Ad been In Mississippi and Tennessee and had mom to Kansas to pursue a career as an entertainer. Charles Sir. And Eddie separated leaving Charles without a father figure. Charles Sir. Never realized his dream of becoming an entertainer and is reported to have been working on a train as a waiter or chef when he died. At the age of 15 Charles began to show a great interest In music. He Joined the school band where he was given an alto horn but soon switched to the baritone horn and soon developed a love for the alto saxophone. His mother had more idealized views of Charles academics then those that are given by the school and friends.A Fellow Student, Lawrence Keyes was quoted as saying, If he had been as conscientious about his school work as he was his music, he would have become a professor, but he was a terrible truant He was doomed to be a perpetual freshman. ( CTD. In Charlie Parker, His Music and Life 4 The result of this initial burst of curiosity was that Charlie began pestering his mother to buy him an instrument of his own. (Priestley 12)His mother purchased a used saxophone from the local pawn shop for forty-five dollars and had it overhauled. Charles soon lost interest in the horn and loaned it to a friend.His friend had his saxophone for around two years before he decided to get It back. During this time Charles frequented Kansas Clues bars and clubs taking advantage of the Jazz scene and soaking in the artists styles and sounds There are many references in available literature stating how Charlie would sit in with any band or group of musicians, wherever and whenever there was an opportunity. (birdlimes. Co. UK). Most of the time he would have to hang around outside of the clubs because he couldnt get In. Doing this exposed him to a vast array of professional musicians, some of which would exposed to marijuana, and pills.He has been quoted when talking about his introduction to drugs saying It all came from being introduced too early to night life. When youre not mature enough to know whats happening-?well, you goof. (CTD. In Charlie Parker, His Music and Life 7) He talked about his his introduction to heroin to a bassist by the name of William Buddy Jones. He told him that at the age of fifteen he got high from heroin for the first time. Buddy retells the event, Getting high for the first time at fifteen, Bird told me what he felt. He pulled out $1. , which was worth more in those days and he said, Do you mean theres something like this in the world? How much of it will this buy? (CTD. In Charlie Parker, His Music and Life 8) From the age of thirteen drugs play more and more of a role in Charles daily life. Charles began to play with a band called the Deans of Swing and did so for about a year and a half. During this time he became close friends with a man by the name of Robert Simpson. Simpson was an older gentleman not unlike most of the people Charles liked to be around. Lawrence Keyes claims that Charles worshiped Simpson, and was with more often then not.Shortly after the Deans broke up at the age of twenty-one Simpson died, and Keyes claims that Charles was a complete wreck afterwards. This event helped to spiral Charles farther down the path of his drug addiction. Charles married Rebecca Ruffian on July the 25 of 1936, a girl whom he met in 1934 when she, her mother and her siblings boarded a room from Charles mother. When Rebecca was three months pregnant with Charlies first child he called her into their room and asker her to sit down. Rebecca had no idea what Charlie was doing until she saw his reflection in the mirror injecting himself in the arm.He convinced her that he had to take heroin to alleviate the pain from a wreck he had recently been involved in that broke three ribs, and fractured his spine. She never seemed to learn the truth about his history with heroin or chose to ignore it and believe what he had told her. 1936 was a transitional year for Charles, his technique developed and so did his love for drugs. The wreck that had injured Charles so badly had happened on his way to the Ozark Mountains where he was to play a Thanksgiving Job. Charles continued afterward taking Jobs in the Ozarks. He often played with a saxophonist named Tommy Douglass.Douglass helped Charles develop some techniques such as passing cords and the woodwind technique. Trumpeter Clarence Davis later used his armature disk recorder to make the first recordings of Charles. Charles was away from Kansas City for an extended amount of time during this summer and when he returned he was the most popular player there. In 1937 Charles met a man by the name of Jay McMahon, who was a pianist. These two artist would soon find themselves working together. McMahon was was the pianist of a band formed by Henry Buster Smith, a 12 piece or sometimes smaller ensemble. Buster invited Charles to Join. Charles had a fairly close relationship with the older McMahon He used to call me his dad, and I called him my boy. (CTD. In Charlie Parker, His Music and Life 12). Buster helped Charles Jar with his improvisation and his sound. Buster was quoted saying that Charles was an apt pupil. He would have breakthroughs in his music but not be able to follow up on them, and they would be lost. He had an affair on Rebecca and then later held a gun to her head trying to get back some letters between himself and his mistress.He had to leave the band he had been playing with because of his drug habit, and then he had run in with the law. One night he kept a taxi for several hours running up a bill for $10 that he could not pay. When the taxi driver decided he was going to take Charles horn for payment he was stabbed. Charles went to Jail. From this point Charles went to New York for some period of time. Doing so he stopped in a club while passing through Chicago called the 65 Club where he met singer Billy Stickiness. Stickiness would later become the leader of Charles big band.Charles finally made it to New York and found his way to Busters place where against his wife will he allowed Charles to stay with him at his apartment. Buster reported that he did not know how Charles got there but he sure was in sad shape. While living With Buster, Charles had to resort to working odd Jobs, cleaning bars and washing dishes until he met pianist Art Datum. Its believed that Datum had an influence on Charles even though Charles never mentions him as one because after this time of his life he began to use some of Tatums techniques. The technique they shared was known as side-slipping or playing out of key. Between late 1937 and 1939 Charles played at many clubs and dance halls form The Parisian, to Clark Monomers Uptown House. Charles Played in many Harlem sightless soaking in many different pop songs, sounds and styles. In 1937 Charles had his next big break through. While playing one night with a guitarist named Biddy Fleet he figured out how to play the sounds he had often said that he could hear but couldnt play, He found that by using higher intervals of a cord as a melody line and backing them with appropriately related [chord] changes, he could play this thing hed been hearing. (Woodcock 17). This along with Charles Ozark mountain breakthrough propelled him through the next five years of his life but little is known of his activities throughout the rest of 1939. Biddy Fleet claimed that Charles would disappear for weeks at a time probably due to his drug habit. Charles returned to Kansas in 1940 with valuable experience and soon reestablished a connection with McMahon and Joined his band. It was with this band he made his first commercial recordings. McMahon had taken Charles into the band thinking that he was off heroin which he soon found out was not the truth.Despite the fact that Charles was still a Junkie he and the band soon became a family. This was the first time Charles felt accepted by his peers. Some say that the band spoiled Charles by over looking his habit and unreliability. When Charles heroin habit would begin to show itself to badly McMahon would make him take a few days off. Gene Ramey said that the band was motivated by Charles when his drug addiction was under control, he was quoted saying, The Jay McMahon Band . .. was the only band Ive ever Know that seemed to spend all its spare time Jamming or rehearsing El this was inspired by Bird, because the new ideas he was bringing to the band made everybody anxious to play. (CTD. In Charlie Parker, His Music and Life 19) It was during times like this that Charles Addiction seemed to subside and the music took ore control over his life. Likes of Dizzy Gillespie and helped in the beginning development of Bebop. Dizzy formed a combo with bassist Oscar Petrified and began to play steady gigs at the Onyx Club. Dizzy had sent Charles a telegram and invited him to Join but it would seem that he did not receive it and missed out on the first steady gig for a bebop band.Soon after that he moved along to form the first Bebop Big Band. It was during this time that Sarah Vaughan began to notice that Charlie had taken an interest in classical music. She said he would listen to something on the bus and then get on tag and play it, his way. Charlie soon left the Big Band because he felt that it lacked individual freedom. Charlie now without a full time band went back to playing whatever gigs he could get, however he continued to play with Dizzy whenever he had the opportunity.In 1945 Dizzy formed a quintet to work several nightclubs on fifty-second street in New York. The band members often changed but the front line was always Dizzy and Charles. Dizzy being the more stable of the two was normally the first name on the bill. This sometimes made Charles Jealous of Tizzys popularity and its unclear if he new that it was because of his drug addiction and inability to handle himself in a professional business like manner. In the fall Dizzy dissolved his big ban and received and offer to play in Billy Bergs Nightclub in Los Angels. Even though Dizzy knew about Charles habit and it related reliability issues he took Charles as his partner once more. This began one of the most tragic times in Charles life. Dizzy was contracted to take 5 men to California to play an eight week engagement. Because of Charles issues he took a stand in for the inevitable times that Charles would be missing in action or passed out somewhere unable to play. Dizzy did not want the management on his back because of Charles. Charles was even more unpredictable in California due to fact that it was harder to get his hands on his heroin there.This is when the infamous photo of Charles was taken where he looked so strung out that he couldnt hold his head up and the guys standing next to him where holding him upright. When the eight week engagement was over and it was tie to fly back to New York Charles could not be found. Charles ended up cashing in his plane ticket and staying n California due to his addiction. While on his layover of sorts in California Charles got to play with Miles Davis at he Finale Club. When Charles heroin dealer was arrested in Los Angels he spiraled out of control. He began to drink heavily to alleviate the withdrawal symptoms he was having.Charles became missing until Howard McGee found him. He was living in a garage that had been converted to a room but was lacking heat, at which time McGee took Charles in. From this time on Charles had nothing but problems. Deteriorating health due to alcohol and drug abuse began to make him have more then reliability problems. In a recording session with dial records, Charles begin to shake, he was barely able to blow his horn, and had muscular spasms. Not long after he made it back to his hotel by taxi he was picked up by the police and taken too hospital because he was walking around nude.There were also several reported accidents where he had set hotel rooms on fire. Charles was assigned six months at a state hospital by the Judge that heard his case. In 1946 Ross Russell got Charles out by having him transferred to 1949 Charles had become angry with Russell. He claimed that Russell refused to get him released until he agreed to renew his recording contract. He was also upset that Russell released the recordings from the day he had his spasms, and lost his mind. Parker even said at some point that the recordings of that day were his worst recordings of all time.After Charles had been released he played at the Hi-De-Ho Club in a band that was extensively recorded. During this time Just after his release he sounded as if he was back to his best. Charles also recorded two more releases for the Dial label before returning to New York where he stayed until his death. When Charles returned to New York he was taken in and cared for by two women that were important in his life, Doris Sydney and Chant Richardson. He married Doris in 1948. Charles was now a well known recording artist. He was also sought after as a band leader.Charles health was now the best it had been since his teenage years. Although he appeared to be stable he was still dealing with feelings of chaos in his life Charles soon returned to his heroin and drinking. Back on his drugs of choice Charles got together a quintet, his main unit from 1947 to 1950. The quintet rarely changed members and had great continuity. A really nice quote from Charles about music Music is your own experience, your own thoughts, your wisdom. If you dont live it, it wont come out your horn. They teach you theres a boundary line to music. But, man, theres no boundary line to art. (whom. Chem.. . Com) The quintet did some recording for the Savoy label which became its documentation. The quintet is considered to be Charles best work, and recordings of them continued to turn up even after his death. Charles managed to keep a strong stage presence even with his Heroin habit for the most part but from time to time it began to show. In 1948 Charles was so high and drunk that he relived himself in a public telephone booth in a club the quintet was playing at resulting in he band not getting paved for the gig. In 1949 Charles was performing a live broadcast in which he was to do a solo from Tizzys Grooving High.Charles wasnt able to play the notes due to his diminished physical and mental state. Kenny Dirham had to carry the group after Charles failed on the solo and then continues to miss notes and drop in and out of the performance. In 1950 Charles and Doris divorced. Doris was Charles third wife and couldnt take the stress of Charles drug addiction any longer. Charles then moved in with Chant Richardson, the two never married but she did take his name. Charles considered Chants daughter his own and they had two children of their own together. This year also brought about the breakup of the quintet.Charles was booked to play a gig in Denmark and tried to get off heroin long enough to make it. Once again as in the past he used large amounts of alcohol to deal with the lack of heroin in his system. Even with the alcohol intake the recording that were made in Denmark got him invited to France to play with Roy Eliding in the Salon Du Jazz. Charles did not fulfill his obligations there due to his partying. Also as a result of all the drinking Charles had one he returned with a stomach ulcer. Charles daughter Pre was born with a heart defect which required expensive medical treatment.This is something that his addiction to heroin and alcohol had biggest blows to Charles and Doris life together. Hearing the news while out of town on a gig Charlies reported first response was to get drunk, and then he gave away his heroin. This was also the year that Charles last commercial recording was made. Charles last important gig was to be part of an all-star band appearing at Birdman. The first night went well while the second night was ridden with problems. Charles and Pianist Bud Powel Clashed and couldnt work together that night. Charles Began to drink, became drunk and was asked to leave by management.Little did the band know or realize that the next day was the one year anniversary of Preps death and it was weighing heavily on Charles mind. On March 9, 1955 Charles met his death. There are three versions of what happened at the end but the most likely one involves throwing up blood from his ulcers Just before passing away. The actual facts about how he died isnt really relative t this paper. This paper was to hopefully show that because of Charles Parker Jar. s drug addiction his life was cut short and his musical abilities were not enhanced or caused by the drugs that he used.Charles himself said Any musician who says he is playing better either on tea, the needle or when he is Juiced is a plain, straight liar. (CTD. Bird: The Legend of Charlie Parker 57) . Events in this paper show that his sound was best when he was somewhat clean, somewhat because once he started on drugs I dont believe he was ever without something in his system. If it had not been for his short 35 year old life and his drug abuse there is no telling how far Charles loud have taken his talent and in what directions Jazz might have gone.